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Basic Research

We invite you to browse the HeartMath Institute’s extensive collection of research studies, articles and other materials.

Within each grouping, entries are ordered by year of publication, with the most recent listed first.

IND Studies conducted by independent institutions.
PR Studies that have met the rigorous standards of peer-reviewed journals.
Our most popular and noteworthy studies.

36 publications in Research Library Basic Research

- Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training on Score and Stress Level of Shooting AthletesEffect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training on Score and Stress Level of Shooting Athletes
- Basic Research|Published: 2024
- Huang Donghai¹, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab¹, and Zhang Xiuling¹
- NSSEC-24, National Social Sciences & Education Conference (Virtual), E-BPJ 9(SI20), 2024 (pp.115-122).(1) Center for Human Science, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang, Malaysia.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Exploring the Effects of Shared Heart‑Focused Intention in Music Performance on Musicians and Audience MembersExploring the Effects of Shared Heart‑Focused Intention in Music Performance on Musicians and Audience Members
- Basic Research|Published: 2023
- Kathleen Riley, Ph.D.¹, and Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.²
- Association for Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 2023. Volume 51, Issue 2, pp. 36-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.02.(1) Independent Researcher, Optimal Performance Coach for Performing Artists, Redding, CA; (2) HeartMath Institute, Boulder Creek, CA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Phasic Induction of Bioelectromagnetic Heart‑Brain Coupling Through Emotional StimuliPhasic Induction of Bioelectromagnetic Heart‑Brain Coupling Through Emotional Stimuli
- Basic Research|Published: 2023
- Ayesha Ikhlaq¹, Saeed Ahmad Buzdar¹, Muhammad Abul Hasan^2,3, Rollin McCraty⁴, Muhammad Danish Mujib^2,3, Ahmad Zahid Rao^2,3, Danijela Debelic⁵, Mehrun Nisa⁴, Mike Atkinson⁴, Thomas Feiner⁶, Normen Schack⁷, Muhammad Usman Musatafa¹, Sana Salahuddin¹, and Mamoona Aslam¹
- Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition, Vol. 19, Issue 4, April 2023. ISSN: 1673-064X.(1) Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; (2) Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan; (3) Neurocomputation Lab, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan; (4) HeartMath Institute, California, USA; (5) Department of Physics, Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; (6) King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; (7) Institute for EEG Neurofeedback (IFEN), Baldham, Germany; (8) Sek. Heilpraktiker, Ergotherapie und Neurofeedback in Hannover.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Can Heart Rate Variability Be a Bio‑Index of Hope? A Pilot StudyCan Heart Rate Variability Be a Bio‑Index of Hope? A Pilot Study
- Basic Research|Published: 2023
- Ying Wai Bryan Ho¹, Daniel Bressington², Mei Yi Tsang³, Hok Hoi Pang⁴, Yan Li¹, and Wai Kit Wong⁵
- Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol. 14, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1119925.(1) School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. (2) College of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia. (3) Department of Occupational Therapy, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China. (4) Hong Kong Psychological Services Center Limited, Hong Kong, China. (5) School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Following the Rhythm of the Heart: HeartMath Institute's Path to HRV BiofeedbackFollowing the Rhythm of the Heart: HeartMath Institute's Path to HRV Biofeedback
- Basic Research|Published: 2022
- Rollin McCraty¹
- Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-022-09554-2.(1) HeartMath Institute, Boulder Creek, CA, USA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Variation of Geometrical Shapes of Reconstructed Attractors of HRV Data Before, During and After the Heart Lock‑In^® ExperimentThe Variation of Geometrical Shapes of Reconstructed Attractors of HRV Data Before, During and After the Heart Lock‑In^® Experiment
- Basic Research|Published: 2021
- Inga Timofejeva¹, Abdullah Alabdulgader², Alfonsas Vainoras³, Rollin McCraty⁴, Mike Atkinson⁴, Vaiva Siauciunaite¹, Roza Joffe⁵, and Minvydas Ragulskis¹
- Cardiol Vasc Res. 2021; 5(1): 1-4. ISSN: 2639-8486.(1) Center for Nonlinear Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania; (2) Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia; (3) Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; (4) HeartMath Institute, Boulder Creek, CA 95006, USA; (5) Department of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Overview of HeartMath Coherence Model in Advancing Health and Medical ScienceOverview of HeartMath Coherence Model in Advancing Health and Medical Science
- Basic Research|Published: 2020
- Stephen D. Edwards¹
- Proceedings of Academics World 158th International Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 2020.(1) Ph.D., D.Ed., Emeritus Professor and Research Fellow, University of Zululand, South Africa.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Development and Evaluation of a Cardiac Coherence Index for Sleep AnalysisDevelopment and Evaluation of a Cardiac Coherence Index for Sleep Analysis
- Basic Research|Published: 2020
- Patrick Celka, Niclas Granqvist, Herbert Schwabl, and Stephen D. Edwards
- Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30:1, 44-52, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1689460.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heartmath Approach to Self‑Regulation and Psychosocial Well‑BeingHeartmath Approach to Self‑Regulation and Psychosocial Well‑Being
- Basic Research|Published: 2020
- Jorina Elbers and Rollin McCraty¹
- Journal of Psychology in Africa. Vol. 30, No. 1, 69–79, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1712797.(1) HeartMath Research Center, Boulder Creek, California, USA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Shift Work and Heart Rate Variability Coherence: Pilot Study Among NursesShift Work and Heart Rate Variability Coherence: Pilot Study Among Nurses
- Basic Research|Published: 2018
- James B. Burch^1,2,6, Melannie Alexander^1,2, Pallavi Balte^1,2,3, Jameson Sofge^1,2, James Winstead^1,2, Venkat Kothandaraman^2,4, and J. P. Ginsberg^2,5
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9419-z.(1) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. (2) WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA. (3) Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. (4) Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. (5) Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. (6) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Bias Feedback Interventions to Prevent Post‑Deployment PTSD: Results from a Randomized Controlled TrialHeart Rate Variability and Cognitive Bias Feedback Interventions to Prevent Post‑Deployment PTSD: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Basic Research|Published: 2018
- Jeffrey M. Pyne, CAPT. (retired) USN, Joseph I. Constans, John T. Nanney, Mark D. Wiederhold, MAJ. Douglas P. Gibson, Timothy Kimbrell, Teresa L. Kramer, Jeffery A. Pitcock, Xiaotong Han, Richard N. Gevirtz, D. Keith Williams, Don Chartrand, James Spira, Brenda K. Wiederhold, Rollin McCraty, and COL. Thomas R. McCune
- Military Medicine, Vol. 00, 0/0 2018.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- An Empirical and Experiential Investigation into the Contemplation of JoyAn Empirical and Experiential Investigation into the Contemplation of Joy
- Basic Research|Published: 2018
- Stephen D. Edwards¹ and David J. Edwards¹
- HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 74(1), 4746, 2018. DOI: https://hts.org.za/index.php/hts/article/view/4746.(1) Department of Psychology, University of Zululand, South Africa.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Influence of HeartMath Training Programme on Physiological and Psychological VariablesInfluence of HeartMath Training Programme on Physiological and Psychological Variables
- Basic Research|Published: 2018
- Lucy H. Field, L.^1,2, Stephen D. Edwards³, David J. Edwards³, and Sarah E. Dean¹
- Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 10, No. 2; 2018. ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744.(1) School of Life Science; Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom. (2) Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. (3) Psychology Department, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heuristic Psychological Case Study of Heartmath Practice for Health and Physical ExerciseHeuristic Psychological Case Study of Heartmath Practice for Health and Physical Exercise
- Basic Research|Published: 2016 IND PR
- S.D. Edwards
- African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES) Volume 22(4:2), December 2016, pp. 1125-1139.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heart Rate Variability: Pre‑Deployment Predictor of Post‑Deployment PTSD SymptomsHeart Rate Variability: Pre‑Deployment Predictor of Post‑Deployment PTSD Symptoms
- Basic Research|Published: 2016 PR
- Jeffrey M. Pyne; Joseph I. Constans; Mark D. Wiederhold; Douglas P. Gibson; Timothy Kimbrell; Teresa L. Kramer; Jeffery A. Pitcock; Xiaotong Han; D. Keith Williams; Don Chartrandi; Richard N. Gevirtz; James Spira; Brenda K. Wiederhold; Rollin McCraty; Thomas R. McCune
- Elsevier, Biological Psychology Volume 121, Part A, December 2016, Pages 91-98.
- Purchase an expanded version of this paper: Heart Rate Variability: Pre-Deployment Predictor of Post-Deployment PTSD SymptomsHeart Rate Variability: Pre-Deployment Predictor of Post-Deployment PTSD Symptoms.
- Influence of Heartmath Quick Coherence Technique on Psychophysiological Coherence and Feeling StatesInfluence of Heartmath Quick Coherence Technique on Psychophysiological Coherence and Feeling States
- Basic Research|Published: 2016 IND PR
- S.D. Edwards
- African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES) Volume 22(4:1), December 2016, pp. 1006-1018.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heart‑Brain Neurodynamics: The Making of EmotionsHeart‑Brain Neurodynamics: The Making of Emotions
- Basic Research|Published: 2015
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.
- In Issues of the Heart: The Neuropsychotherapist special issue, M. Dahlitz, & Hall, G., Editor 2015, Dahlitz Media: Brisbane. p. 76-110. www.neuropsychotherapist.com.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, assessment of Self‑Regulatory Capacity, and Health RiskHeart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, assessment of Self‑Regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk
- Basic Research|Published: 2015
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Fred Shaffer, Ph.D., BCB
- Global Advances in Health and Medicine 4.1 (2015): 46-61.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- A Healthy Heart Is Not a Metronome: An Integrative Review of the Heart's Anatomy and Heart Rate VariabilityA Healthy Heart Is Not a Metronome: An Integrative Review of the Heart's Anatomy and Heart Rate Variability
- Basic Research|Published: 2014
- Fred Shaffer¹; Rollin McCraty²; Christopher L. Zerr¹
- Frontiers In Psychology, September 2014, Vo. 5, article 1040. (1) Center for Applied Psychophysiology, Department of Psychology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA. (2) HeartMath Research Center, Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek, CA, USA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Cardiac Coherence, Self‑Regulation, autonomic Stability, and Psychosocial Well‑BeingCardiac Coherence, Self‑Regulation, autonomic Stability, and Psychosocial Well‑Being
- Basic Research|Published: 2014
- Rollin McCraty Ph.D.¹; Maria A Zayas Ph.D.²
- Frontiers in Psychology, Sept. 2014. Vol. 5, Article 1090. (1) Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek, CA, USA. (2) Department of Psychology, Brenau University, Gainesville, GA, USA.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Personality and Heart Rate Variability: Exploring Pathways from Personality to Cardiac Coherence and HealthPersonality and Heart Rate Variability: Exploring Pathways from Personality to Cardiac Coherence and Health
- Basic Research|Published: 2013
- Ada H. Zohar; C. Robert Cloninger; Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.
- Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2013. Vol.1, No.6, 32-39, Nov. 2013.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Global Coherence Initiative: Creating a Coherent Planetary Standing WaveThe Global Coherence Initiative: Creating a Coherent Planetary Standing Wave
- Basic Research|Published: 2012
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Annette Deyhle, Ph.D.; Doc Childre
- Global Advances in Health and Medicine 2012; 1(1):64-77; www.gahmj.com.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Coherence: Bridging Personal, Social, and Global HealthCoherence: Bridging Personal, Social, and Global Health
- Basic Research|Published: 2010 IND PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Doc Childre
- Biofeedback 2002; 30(1):23-25. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, A Peer-Reviewed Journal, 2010; 16 (4):10-24.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Cardiac Coherence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat VeteransCardiac Coherence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans
- Basic Research|Published: 2009
- J.P. Ginsberg, Ph.D.; M.E. Berry, M.A.; D.A. Powell, Ph.D.
- Shirley L. Buchanan Neuroscience Laboratory, Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC. 2009.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Coherent Heart: Heart‑Brain Interactions, Psychophysiological Coherence, and the Emergence of System‑Wide OrderThe Coherent Heart: Heart‑Brain Interactions, Psychophysiological Coherence, and the Emergence of System‑Wide Order
- Basic Research|Published: 2009
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Mike Atkinson; Dana Tomasino, B.A.; Raymond Trevor Bradley, Ph.D.
- Integral Review, December 2009, Vol. 5, No. 2.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Emotional Stress, Positive Emotions, and Psychophysiological CoherenceEmotional Stress, Positive Emotions, and Psychophysiological Coherence
- Basic Research|Published: 2006 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Dana Tomasino
- Chapter published in: Stress in Health and Disease, edited by B. B. Arnetz and R. Ekman. Weinheim, Germany, Wiley-VCH, 2006: 342-365.
- Expanded version available as electronic monograph: Emotional Stress, Positive Emotions, and Psychophysiological CoherenceEmotional Stress, Positive Emotions, and Psychophysiological Coherence.
- The Grateful Heart: The Psychophysiology of AppreciationThe Grateful Heart: The Psychophysiology of Appreciation
- Basic Research|Published: 2004 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Doc Childre
- Chapter published in: The Psychology of Gratitude, edited by R. A. Emmons and M. E. McCullough. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004: 230-255.
- Purchase an expanded version of this paper: The Appreciative Heart: The Psychophysiology of Positive Emotions and Optimal FunctioningThe Appreciative Heart: The Psychophysiology of Positive Emotions and Optimal Functioning.
- Heart Rhythm Coherence – An Emerging Area of BiofeedbackHeart Rhythm Coherence – An Emerging Area of Biofeedback
- Basic Research|Published: 2002 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D., HeartMath Research Center, Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek, CA
- Biofeedback 2002; 30(1):23-25. Copyright © 2002 by AAPB. Posted with permission from AAPB/Biofeedback. For more information on AAPB and Biofeedback magazine, go to: www.aapb.org.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Psychophysiological Correlates of Spiritual ExperiencePsychophysiological Correlates of Spiritual Experience
- Basic Research|Published: 2002 PR
- Doc Childre; Rollin McCraty, Ph.D., Boulder Creek, California
- Biofeedback 2001; 29(4):13-17. Copyright © 2002 by AAPB. Posted with permission from AAPB/Biofeedback. For more information on AAPB and Biofeedback magazine, go to: www.aapb.org.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Effects of Different Types of Music on Mood, Tension, and Mental ClarityThe Effects of Different Types of Music on Mood, Tension, and Mental Clarity
- Basic Research|Published: 1998 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Bob Barrios-Choplin, Ph.D.; Mike Atkinson; Dana Tomasino, B.A.
- Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1998; 4(1): 75-84.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Cardiac Coherence: A New, Noninvasive Measure of Autonomic Nervous System OrderCardiac Coherence: A New, Noninvasive Measure of Autonomic Nervous System Order
- Basic Research|Published: 1996 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; William A. Tiller; Mike Atkinson
- Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1996; 2(1): 52-65.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Head‑Heart Entrainment: A Preliminary SurveyHead‑Heart Entrainment: A Preliminary Survey
- Basic Research|Published: 1996
- R. McCraty; W. A. Tiller; M. Atkinson
- Paper presented at the Key West Brain-Mind, Applied Neurophysiology, EEG Biofeedback 4th Annual Advanced Colloquium, Key West, FL, Feb. 1996.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- Music Enhances the Effect of Positive Emotional States on Salivary IgAMusic Enhances the Effect of Positive Emotional States on Salivary IgA
- Basic Research|Published: 1996 PR
- Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.; Mike Atkinson; Glen Rein; Alan D. Watkins
- Stress Medicine, Vol. 12: 167-175, 1996.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Physiological and Psychological Effects of Compassion and AngerThe Physiological and Psychological Effects of Compassion and Anger
- Basic Research|Published: 1995 PR
- Glen Rein; Mike Atkinson; Rollin McCraty, Ph.D.
- Journal of Advancement in Medicine. 1995; 8(2): 87-105. Reprinted by permission.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- The Effects of Emotions on Short‑Term Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate VariabilityThe Effects of Emotions on Short‑Term Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate Variability
- Basic Research|Published: 1995 PR
- Rollin McCraty; Mike Atkinson; William A. Tiller; Glen Rein; Alan D. Watkins
- American Journal of Cardiology. 1995; 76(14): 1089-1093.
- Download the complete paper, click here.
- New Electrophysiological Correlates Associated with Intentional Heart FocusNew Electrophysiological Correlates Associated with Intentional Heart Focus
- Basic Research|Published: 1995
- Rollin McCraty; Mike Atkinson; William A. Tiller
- Subtle Energies. 1995; 4(3): 251-262. Published by ISSSEEM, 356 Goldco Circle, Golden CO 80403. Internet Address: 74040, 1273@compuserve.com.